Exploring the Impact of Central Bank Digital Currencies on Global Financial Systems (International Journal for Rapid Research in Engineering Technology & Applied Science)

Summary

• Higher CBDC Readiness Index scores positively correlate with financial inclusion (β = 0.0042, p < .001).p.11
• CBDC readiness is significantly associated with higher payment system efficiency (β = 0.284, p < .001).p.11
• Commercial bank deposit growth shows no statistically significant link to CBDC readiness (β = −0.021, p = .243).p.11
• Scenario analysis indicates deposit outflows under stress could reach 22.4% without safeguards, but stay at 1.6% under a $3,000 cap with tiered remuneration.p.13

Key insights

1. A 10-point increase in the CBDC Readiness Index corresponds to a 0.042 rise in the Financial Inclusion Index.p.11
2. Financial stability index scores showed no statistically significant differences across different stages of CBDC development (F = 0.84, p = .484).p.9
3. Combining a USD 3,000 holding cap with tiered interest rates limits projected commercial bank deposit outflows to 1.6%.p.13
4. Commercial bankers rated bank disintermediation risk significantly higher than central bank officials did (M = 4.18 versus 3.29).p.13
5. Mean CBDC readiness among launched economies grew from 38.2 in 2019 to 81.4 in 2025.p.8