Technology, Regulation, and the Divergent Trajectories of Retail and Cross-Border Central Bank Digital Currency
A Scopus bibliometric search conducted on 8 October 2026 retrieved 1,418 records, from which 1,045 were retained for critical analysis.
eNaira
Product · NI · 7 documents
Key number
91 per cent
Share of central banks exploring CBDC in 2024 BIS survey. DIVERSITY Logic Journal Multidisciplinary p.1
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417
Respondents surveyed on crypto adoption in Nigeria. IIAR Journal of Economics Finance and Development Studies p.4
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160
Countries examined in peer-to-peer bitcoin flow research. IIAR Journal of Economics Finance and Development Studies p.4
Central Bank Digital Currencies, Stablecoins and Monetary Sovereignty: A Theoretical Analysis of Currency Competition and Financial Stability in Emerging Economies
The Central Bank of Nigeria launched the retail eNaira CBDC in October 2021 following a February 2021 directive restricting cryptocurrency transactions in commercial banking.
Fintech, Remittances and Development: A Theoretical Account of How Digital Transfer Infrastructures Reshape the Cost, Direction and Developmental Use of Migrant Money
Literature searches were conducted in October 2026 focusing on peer-reviewed research published between 2023 and 2026.
Exploring the Impact of Central Bank Digital Currencies on Global Financial Systems
Higher CBDC Readiness Index scores positively correlate with financial inclusion (β = 0.0042, p < .001).
The Impact of Central Bank Digital Currency on Payments Competition
Over 90 percent of surveyed central banks are engaged in some form of CBDC work, with more than half involved in experiments or pilot projects.
Cross-Border Payments with Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: Design and Policy Considerations
The framework analyzes cross-border retail CBDC payments across 5 core elements: access, communication, currency conversion, compliance, and settlement.
Central Bank Digital Currency's Role in Promoting Financial Inclusion
Financial inclusion is a top priority, with about 60 percent of emerging and low-income countries considering it one of their top three motivations for issuing a retail CBDC.