New Algorithmic Credit Scoring Models: What Protections for the Consumer?
Directive 2023/2225/UE regulates consumer creditworthiness evaluation under Article 18 and will apply from 20 November 2026.
Academic research
Research index · 734 documents · Website
Research on Segmentation and Demand Differences of Generation Z Digital Financial Management Users Based on K-means Clustering
The study surveyed 1,002 valid Generation Z respondents aged 18 to 28 who had previously used digital wealth management platforms.
Open S.r.l. and Growth Markets for SMEs: Between Market Openness and the Resilience of the Codified Model
Italian SMEs face structural undercapitalization, maintaining average equity ratios below 30%, whereas Northern European economies exceed 40-45%.
AgriFoodTech Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Northern Triangle of Central America: Diagnosis and Recommendations
Research and development (R&D) investment remains persistently low across Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, staying below 0.1% of GDP in all three countries.
The Impact of Amount Raised through Equity Crowdfunding on Firms' Financial Performance in the Short and Medium Term
The study analyzes financial data from 163 Polish companies that conducted a total of 188 equity crowdfunding (ECF) campaigns between 2014 and 2023.
How Financially Literate Is Generation Z? A Cross-Country Study
Primary microdata was collected from 1,653 university students to evaluate the determinants of Generation Z financial literacy across Spain and Ecuador.
The Influence of Fintech Technology Usage (Equity Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending) on Investment Funding Decisions and Their Implications for Market Risk in Digital Startups in Indonesia
Indonesia's digital economy recorded a Gross Merchandise Value of $82 billion in 2024, supported by more than 2,400 active startups across various sectors.
Evaluation of Access to Finance, Training, and Government Policies on Entrepreneurial Development and Small Business Sustainability
Small and medium-sized enterprises provide up to 78% of non-agricultural employment in emerging economies, though more than 30% fail within their first three years.
Crowdfunding for Entrepreneurship Development: Mechanisms and Success Factors
Startups face a structural financing gap that traditional intermediaries are poorly equipped to address, which crowdfunding helps alleviate across 4 primary models.
Defence, Security and Resilience Bank: Opportunities and Risks of a New Financial Architecture for Euro-Atlantic Defence
Introduced in December 2024 by Rob Murray, the Defence, Security and Resilience Bank (DSR Bank) is designed as a multilateral development bank with an initial capital of around €117 billion.
An Analytical Study of Crowdfunding as an Alternative Source of Finance for Startups
The global crowdfunding market reached $20.46 billion in 2025, with overall platform success rates ranging between 22-24%.
Retail Investors and Crowdfunding Platforms in Chile: Risks, Opportunities, and Regulatory Challenges
The fintech ecosystem in Latin America and the Caribbean grew by 112% over three years, expanding from 1,166 platforms in 2018 to 2,482 in 2021.
Implementation of Crowdfunding Models as an Alternative to Traditional Lending
Alternative online lenders can offer fast business financing but charge high interest rates ranging from 18–40% per year.
Democratization of Credit in Colombia: The Influence of Fintech
In 2024, approximately 37 million adults in Colombia, accounting for 96 % of the adult population, held at least one financial product, while active usage reached 79 %.
Crowdfunding as a New Approach in Accessing Capital: Systematics, Typology and Market Analysis in Europe
Excluding China, the global alternative finance market grew continuously from $44 billion in 2015 to $113 billion in 2020.
Financing for Forests and Biodiversity: Payments for Ecosystem Services and Innovative Schemes to Mobilize Private Capital in Argentina
Argentina lost 14% of its native forest area between 1998 and 2023, declining from 54.5 million ha to 47 million ha.
The Impact of the Institutional Environment on the Development of Equity Crowdfunding in Russia: The UK Experience
In 2025, the global volume of crowdfunding exceeded $20 billion, driven by donation, reward, equity, and lending platforms.
Labor and Crowdfunding: If the Future Happens in the South
Academic research by Signori and Vismara (2016) estimates the annual return on equity crowdfunding investments at approximately 9%.
Europe and Monetary Sovereignty
Between 1950 and the present, aggregate per capita national wealth in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain multiplied by 18 times, rising from 37% to 83% of US per capita national wealth.
Hybrid Funding Innovation Based on Debt and Equity Collaboration for MSME Funding in North Sumatera
In Indonesia, MSMEs represent 99.99% of all business units and absorb 97% of the national workforce.
Fintech Inclusion: Key Innovations for Financing and Payments in Financial Services
The systematic review initially retrieved 121 scientific articles from academic databases including Google Scholar, Scielo, Springer, Elsevier, and MDPI.
A Technological Pole for the South: The Case of the BIC of Città della Scienza
The Business Innovation Center (BIC) opened in 2003 as a space of 4000 square meters articulated in 35 modules dedicated to innovative business ventures.
Multidimensional Determinants of Repayment Intention in Fintech Loans in Mexico: A Multifactorial Explanatory Model
Mobile internet usage in the Latin American region reached 65% of the population by late 2023.
Business Sustainability and Business Continuity: An M&A Reading in Key of Sustainability
Every year in Europe, approximately 450,000 business transfers take place, with around 150,000 facing the risk of not being completed successfully.
Algorithms, Platforms, and Blockchain: Future Scenarios of Finance in the Era of Digital Disintermediation
Digital payment transactions in the European Union increased from 4.8% of total transactions in 2007 to 73.3% in 2014.
Impact of Quality Signals on Investors' Investment Decision in Equity Crowdfunding
The study analyzes quantitative data from 750 overfunded campaigns out of 800 successful campaigns conducted between 2015 and 2024.
Equity Crowdfunding: Protection of Minority Investors with Special Reference to Shareholders' Agreements
Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 (RPFP) sets a threshold excluding equity crowdfunding offers above 5,000,000 EUR from its standardized framework
Crowdfunding Platforms in Poland: Regulatory Analysis and Market Assessment
Following the implementation of EU ECSP regulations and domestic legislation in 2022, market consolidation left 1 equity crowdfunding provider and 3 debt platforms operating in Poland.
Crowdfunding and Crowdinvesting Models as a New Architecture for Attracting Financial Stakeholders
Digital transformation over the last decade has driven the shift toward crowd models, as highlighted in issue 12 (253) of Economic Sciences.
Shariah Governance Frameworks for Equity Crowdfunding: An Analysis and Proposal
As of August 2025, the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye has officially licensed 18 equity-based crowdfunding platforms.