Crowdfunding and Crowdinvesting Models as a New Architecture for Attracting Financial Stakeholders (Экономические науки)

Summary

• Digital transformation over the last decade has driven the shift toward crowd models, as highlighted in issue 12 (253) of Economic Sciences.p.1
• Donation-based and reward-based crowdfunding models focus on monetizing social capital rather than generating direct financial returns.p.2
• Crowdinvesting formalizes financial relationships through equity-based, debt-based (P2P), and royalty-based models.p.2
• Table 1 details 5 key aspects of platform evolution, including algorithmic curation and democratized capital access.p.3
• Table 2 categorizes crowdinvesting into 3 primary framework models: equity-based, lending-based, and hybrid structures.p.4
• Table 3 contrasts traditional banking and venture capital against crowd models across key performance and risk criteria.p.5
• The study synthesizes findings across 10 academic publications to analyze regulatory and ecosystem integration.p.7

Key insights

1. Digital platforms replace traditional institutional filtering with collective crowd evaluation mechanisms.p.3
2. Risk diversification in crowdinvesting relies on distributing small amounts across many investors rather than deep due diligence.p.2
3. P2P lending models are evolving from alternative financing channels into systemic components of financial infrastructure.p.5
4. Hybrid crowdinvesting models utilize convertible loans and revenue-sharing mechanisms to customize risk-return profiles.p.4
5. Traditional banks and venture capital maintain dominance in funding capital-intensive projects requiring long-term guarantees.p.6
6. Platform scaling capabilities are inherently constrained by the boundaries of trust inside digital communities.p.6
7. Regulators utilize regulatory sandboxes and proportional supervision to manage risks without choking digital innovation.p.6