Investment Survey 2025: CESEE Overview (European Investment Bank)

Summary

• Intangible assets such as Research and Development, training, and software accounted for 28% of CESEE firm investments.p.7
• International trade participation is strong, with 71% of CESEE firms trading internationally compared to 66% across the EU.p.7
• Awareness of net zero transition risks is high in CESEE, with 45% viewing it as a risk compared to 36% in the EU.p.7
• Digital technology adoption shows untapped potential, as 44% of CESEE firms deploy multiple advanced digital technologies and 31% use Generative AI.p.8
• Single market fragmentation is reported as a concern by 78% of CESEE exporters regarding their primary product.p.7
• Internal finance remains the dominant source of funding at 71%, while 9% of CESEE firms are financially constrained.p.8

Key insights

1. Uncertainty about the future represents the top obstacle to investment for 85% of CESEE firms.p.8
2. Capacity expansion and equipment replacement are designated as top investment priorities over the next three years by 31% and 33% of firms, respectively.p.7
3. Climate adaptation measures implemented by firms to guard against extreme weather events rose to 48% in 2025 from 40% in 2024.p.7
4. Innovation output in CESEE remains aligned with the broader EU, with 34% of CESEE firms developing or introducing new products, processes, or services.p.8
5. Public policy support reaches 18% of investing firms in CESEE, with 58% of that support targeted toward green investments and digitalisation.p.8
6. Female representation in senior management positions stands at 29% in CESEE, exceeding the EU average of 25%.p.8