Central bank · 69 documents
In 2025, 86.5 per cent of Bulgarians aged 16 to 74 used the internet regularly, while internet banking usage remained significantly lower at 31.1 per cent.
According to international surveys by the Bank for International Settlements, about 70% of financial sector companies use AI for cash flow forecasting and risk assessment.
The document establishes a distinction between voluntary payment digitalisation and forced cashlessness, evaluating welfare trade-offs across financial inclusion, privacy, and system resilience.
Deep-π* models trend inflation by mapping 122 macroeconomic indicators through neural networks into trend innovations, eliminating latent random-walk shocks and enabling exact Shapley attribution.
The report analyzes gender gaps in financial knowledge and behaviour across 20 EU Member States using 2022 OECD/INFE survey data.
The systematic review synthesises 50 highly relevant studies selected from a total pool of 615 candidate records published between 2014 and 2025.
Empirical analysis of post-war US data demonstrates that government spending shocks financed with short-term debt yield significantly higher output multipliers than those financed with long-term debt, typically exceeding unity under short-term financing.
A Scopus bibliometric search conducted on 8 October 2026 retrieved 1,418 records, from which 1,045 were retained for critical analysis.
In May 2022, the International Monetary Fund increased the RMB's weight in the Special Drawing Rights basket from 10.92% to 12.28%.
The authors construct an index tracking the European Central Bank's perception of non-bank financial intermediaries using 2,830 speeches delivered between July 1998 and June 2024.
The empirical study analyzed Albania's digital banking ecosystem using quantitative data from a survey of 151 respondents and qualitative data from 15 semi-structured interviews.
On 30 October 2025, the ECB announced the transition beyond the 2023–25 preparation phase with potential readiness for first issuance during 2029.
Headline inflation expectations were revised upward by 0.3 percentage points to 3.0% for 2026 and by 0.4 percentage points to 2.6% for 2027, while staying unchanged at 2.0% for 2028.
The Securities Holdings Statistics by Sector (SHSS) dataset provides granular coverage generally above well 90 percent for each euro area country analyzed.
Property and mercantile registrars were incorporated as obliged entities under Resolution No. UAF-DG-2011-0062.
EUR bank bond supply is projected to reach €450bn in 2027, driven primarily by elevated redemptions across segments.
EIOPA issued a staff paper on 27 October 2026 introducing four building blocks to integrate behavioural science into conduct of business supervision.
Traditional supervisory methods based on retrospective data analysis and on-site inspections are losing effectiveness due to the dynamic nature of financial risks.
Between 2022 and September 2026, over 3.1 million accounts traded contracts with a face value of about USD 110 billion in 1.24 billion trades across 2.37 million Polymarket markets.
Euro area banks reported a net tightening of credit standards for loans or credit lines to firms of 9% in the third quarter of 2026, up from 7% in the second quarter.
Unsecured interbank lending entails material regulatory costs, estimated at around 35 basis points for lenders in the second half of 2025.
As public attention to AI rose following the release of ChatGPT, banks lowered assessed default risk (PD) for borrowers in highly AI-exposed industries by about 5%.
A stocktake conducted by the FSB gathered 126 modernisation efforts from 24 jurisdictions and 3 SSBs across various financial sectors and entity types.
Global cross-border payment transactions are projected to expand from over $150 trillion in 2017 to more than $250 trillion by 2027.
The EU launched the Scale Up Europe Fund in June 2026 with c€5bn funding to fill the late-stage funding gap for European tech companies.
In 2025, large European companies invested EUR 512 billion in green and transition assets, representing 21% of overall corporate investment in the European Union.
Poland's fintech ecosystem includes over 400 active companies employing over 22,000 people.
Process automation is the most common AI use case in financial services at 79%, followed by data visualization and software engineering at 75% each.
Between 2008 and 2025, real GDP in the Eurozone grew at an average annual rate of just 0.9%, resulting in a 16.9% cumulative increase, while the US economy grew by 40.5% over the same period.
Mario Draghi estimated that the EU requires €1.2 trillion of annual investment to compete globally in an integrated market of 450 million people.
Stock markets remained calm after the start of the conflict in Iran on February 28, 2026, with the S&P 500 gaining a maximum increase of 7% on May 10, 2026.
The aggregate monetary base of OECD countries increased from $2.5 trillion in 2000 to a peak of $25 trillion in March 2022.
The gig economy accounts for over 1.5 billion workers globally, representing nearly 35% of the global workforce.
In 2025, real growth of the Swiss economy reached 1.5%, remaining below its multi-year average.
Real gross domestic product expanded at a moderate annual rate of 2.1 percent in the first quarter of 2026.
European Q2 PE deal value grew 6.9% QoQ, putting 2026 on track for a record year by total deal count.
Between 1950 and the present, aggregate per capita national wealth in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain multiplied by 18 times, rising from 37% to 83% of US per capita national wealth.
In the Riksbank's survey, 91 per cent of respondents used Swish in the past month, making mobile payments increasingly widespread.
A net 12% of euro area firms reported an increase in bank loan interest rates, up from 2% in the previous quarter.
Europe requires an estimated additional annual investment of approximately €1.4 trillion, equivalent to around 7% of GDP, to finance its growth, digital, energy, defence, and transition goals.
If digital currencies continue to gain traction, up to $13 trillion in transaction value could shift to alternative payment methods by 2030, putting an estimated $13 billion in payment fees at risk.
Geopolitical risk acts as a key driver of traditional and emerging risks, featuring in over 50% of the topics discussed in the report.
85% of online banking users conduct their banking exclusively or predominantly online, whereas only 12% mainly use a bank branch.
An exploratory study based on 19 semi-structured interviews analyzes the financial instruments and stakeholder expectations surrounding Italian energy communities.
Investment firms with total consolidated assets of €30 billion or more are categorized as credit institutions under Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
Over 90 percent of surveyed central banks are engaged in some form of CBDC work, with more than half involved in experiments or pilot projects.
The note categorizes single-ledger arrangements into 4 operating models: integration, distribution, separation, and permissionless.
Eight G20 members achieved the highest score of 5/5 for direct access of non-bank payment service providers (NBPSPs) in 2025.
A total of 8 G20 members achieved the highest rating of 5/5 for direct access to payment systems for non-bank payment service providers (NBPSPs) in 2025.
Eight G20 members achieved the maximum score of 5/5 for direct access for non-bank payment service providers in 2025.
Total turnover of German SMEs grew moderately by 2% in 2024 to EUR 5,179 billion, while average turnover growth per enterprise stood at 1.2%.
Eight G20 members achieved the highest rating of 5/5 for direct access of non-bank payment service providers in 2025.
Eight G20 members achieved the full 5/5 direct access rating for non-bank payment service providers (NBPSPs) in 2025.
In 2024, Swiss real gross domestic product (GDP) growth slowed to 1,0 %, while the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) forecasts a slight recovery to 1,3 % for 2025.
In a 2023 BIS survey, almost all surveyed central banks reported considering offline CBDC payments to be vital or advantageous.
In a survey of 1,553 small retail and service businesses conducted in autumn 2024, card payments were the most accepted payment method.
At end-2025, the market value of investments held by French insurers and pension funds stood at EUR 3,109 billion, representing a 5.4% increase from EUR 2,950 billion in 2024.
Danish real GDP rebounded to 3.5 percent in 2024, with expectations to reach 3.0 percent growth in 2025.
In Nigeria, 98.5 percent of eNaira wallets remained unused one year after launch.
Over 100 central banks around the globe are exploring central bank digital currencies to modernize payment systems.
Total global fintech investment across VC, PE, and M&A fell from $62.3 billion across 2,287 deals in H2’23 to $51.8 billion across 2,254 deals in H1’24.
In 2023, 63 per cent of survey respondents paid by debit card for their last in-store purchase, while 9 per cent paid using a card in their mobile phone.
Central banks must develop a long-term vision for monetary and payment systems spanning a time horizon of at least 5 to 10 years as economic digitalization accelerates.
Total global fintech investment dropped to $113.7 billion across 4,547 deals in 2023.
In the 2022 survey, 34 per cent of respondents stated they paid with cash in the past month, down from 50 per cent in spring 2020.
The Banque de France baseline scenario projects the French economy to grow by 2.3% in 2022, down from 3.6% at the start of the year.
European private equity deal activity reached more than EUR 754 billion in 2021, moving well above trend growth.
European ecommerce sales are projected by JP Morgan to reach €940 billion by 2023.
Central banks in Brazil, Canada, the Euro Area/Japan, Singapore, South Africa, and Thailand have conducted large-value interbank payment DLT experiments.
