Intellectual Crowd Investment Platform as a Tool for Stimulating the Development of Smart Enterprises (Economy of Industry)

Summary

• The development of smart enterprises in Ukraine is hindered by high transaction costs and informational asymmetry rather than solely low labor costs.p.1
• Smart enterprise expansion in China continues despite an average monthly salary of $925, supported by strategic initiatives and global supply chain integration.p.3
• Ukraine records an average monthly salary of $465, which is comparable to Morocco ($440) and higher than Indonesia ($301) or Bangladesh ($120).p.4
• The proposed intellectual crowdinvestment platform aims to lower administrative barriers and structural contract complexity using IoT sensors, AI analytics, and blockchain technology.p.9
• Integrating real-time data collection with state registers such as Prozorro and ЄДР optimizes investor decision-making and administrative compliance.p.9

Key insights

1. Investments in smart manufacturing face high upfront costs, prolonged implementation timelines, and severe information asymmetry between participants.p.1
2. Low domestic labor costs do not automatically prevent automation when offset by global supply chain requirements, state support, or skilled labor shortages.p.4
3. High employee turnover and poor product quality in Indonesia, where the average salary is $301, motivated factory owners to invest in automated production lines.p.4
4. Deep contracting risks stem from technological dependencies, creating a lock-in effect that leaves investors vulnerable to hold-up risks.p.5
5. Informal institutions such as corruption raise transaction costs by forcing investors to perform extensive background and reputation audits.p.5
6. A modified net present value model incorporates transaction costs for both investor acquisition and ongoing operational maintenance.p.7
7. Applying a grim trigger strategy in repeated market interactions deters economic agents from opportunistic actions through public sanctions.p.11