Eurosystem

Central bank · 4 documents

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Net tightening of corporate credit standards. European Central Bank p.3

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$25 trillion USD

OECD monetary base peak. Eurofi p.8

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100

Normalized historical baseline mean of the GPR index. European Central Bank p.11

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2.7%

Retail deposit reduction in Indian CBDC rollout. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) p.4

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Payment service providers selected for digital euro pilot. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) p.3

The Digital Euro and Deposit-Market Competition: Portfolio Choice, Bank Switching, and Funding Adjustment

Research paperZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)October 202628 pages

On 30 October 2025, the ECB announced the transition beyond the 2023–25 preparation phase with potential readiness for first issuance during 2029.

The effects of geopolitical risk on sovereign debt holders in the euro area

Research paperEuropean Central BankOctober 202666 pages

The Securities Holdings Statistics by Sector (SHSS) dataset provides granular coverage generally above well 90 percent for each euro area country analyzed.

The Euro Area Bank Lending Survey - Third Quarter of 2026

SurveyEuropean Central BankOctober 202637 pages

Euro area banks reported a net tightening of credit standards for loans or credit lines to firms of 9% in the third quarter of 2026, up from 7% in the second quarter.

Monetary Scoreboard Dublin

ReportEurofiSeptember 202676 pages

The aggregate monetary base of OECD countries increased from $2.5 trillion in 2000 to a peak of $25 trillion in March 2022.