The Legal Legitimacy of Cross-Border RWA Financing: Challenges and Responses
The research analyzes cross-border Real-World Asset (RWA) financing structures originating in Mainland China and issued via a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) in Hong Kong.
People's Bank of China
Central bank · CH · 18 documents
Key number
$55.5 billion USD
Cumulative mBridge Activity Volume. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) p.9
Strategic Analysis of Global Trade Settlement, Sanctions Enforcement, Alternative Sovereign Rails, and On-Chain Liquidity Infrastructure
Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) daily usage was reported at about $60 billion compared to about $1,800 billion a day for CHIPS, with about 80 percent of CIPS payments still using Swift messaging.
Stablecoin Development Pathways: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Logic and Market Landscape in China and the United States
By mid-2026, the aggregate global stablecoin market capitalization reached roughly $280 billion, with dollar-pegged instruments comprising over 92% of circulating supply.
Productive Finance for the Belt and Road Initiative: Reexamining China’s Debt Sustainability Framework
China committed over $1.3 trillion in development finance to the Global South between 2000 and 2021.
Regulatory Reforms in Nigeria's Bureau De Change Sector and Exchange Rate Stability: Assessing the Role of the Central Bank of Nigeria
In March 2024, the Central Bank of Nigeria launched a major regulatory overhaul in the Bureau De Change sector, revoking the licenses of over 4000 BDC operators to curb financial malfeasance.
Technology, Regulation, and the Divergent Trajectories of Retail and Cross-Border Central Bank Digital Currency
A Scopus bibliometric search conducted on 8 October 2026 retrieved 1,418 records, from which 1,045 were retained for critical analysis.
Currency Internationalization and International Financial Centers: Historical Logic, Evolutionary Mechanisms, and Implications for China
In May 2022, the International Monetary Fund increased the RMB's weight in the Special Drawing Rights basket from 10.92% to 12.28%.
The BRICS Initiatives for the Transformation of the International Monetary and Financial System
BRICS member countries represent around 55% of the global population and approximately 40% of global GDP in purchasing power parity.
Digital RMB 2.0 and the Transformation of the Real Economy: A Case Study of Agricultural Bank of China
On December 31, 2025, six major state-owned banks announced interest payments on real-name digital yuan wallets at demand deposit rates, establishing the Version 2.0 era effective January 1, 2026.
The Impact of Financial Technology on Consumer Finance: Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence from China
The study evaluates panel data from 31 provincial regions in China from 2011 to 2023, comprising a sample of 403 province-year observations.
G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross Border Payments: Scorecard Report on Direct Access and Price Transparency - China
A total of 8 G20 members achieved the highest 5/5 rating for direct access of non-bank payment service providers (NBPSPs) in 2025.
G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross Border Payments: Scorecard Report on Direct Access and Price Transparency
Research by Consumers International indicates that 57% of consumer bodies cite a lack of fee transparency as a primary reason behind consumer distrust in digital finance.
G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross Border Payments: Scorecard Report on Direct Access and Price Transparency
The G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross-Border Payments (2020 - 2027) focuses on 5 main priority focus areas divided into 19 building blocks.
Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption: Inclusive Strategies for Intermediaries and Users
In Nigeria, 98.5 percent of eNaira wallets remained unused one year after launch.
Towards Central Bank Digital Currencies in Asia and the Pacific: Results of a Regional Survey
By August 2021, total crypto asset volume had grown by 230 percent year over year in Asian emerging market economies.
Digital Currencies and Energy Consumption
The global payment system is estimated to consume 47.3 TWh of energy annually, accounting for roughly 0.2 percent of total global electricity consumption.
Behind the Scenes of Central Bank Digital Currency: Emerging Trends, Insights, and Policy Lessons
In late 2021, the Central Bank of The Bahamas recorded around 20,000 active Sand Dollar wallets within a population of about 400,000.
Pulse of Fintech H2 2019
Global fintech investment across M&A, PE, and VC reached $135.7 billion across 2,693 deals in 2019.